Can Counseling “Fix” Attention Deficit Disorder?
Despite being the most diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, there are still many misconceptions about ADHD or Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. By definition it is a life-long condition that starts in childhood. Many adults struggle with ADHD as well, not having received a diagnosis until struggling for years to understand why certain things were so difficult. Before we jump into how counseling is supportive for people diagnosed with ADHD, let’s explore what ADHD really is, how it manifests and how it impacts individuals.
Attention-deficit disorder is actually a legitimate medical condition, not just laziness or lack of discipline. This disorder impacts the neurological functioning of an individual and often shows up with patterns of behavior that are misunderstood. Inattention or difficulty with focusing attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity are perhaps the most familiar behavior manifestations of ADHD. Some individuals have the Inattentive subtype and will not show hyperactivity or impulsivity, others with the Hyperactive subtype struggle more with energy and movement than forgetfulness. The third type is a combined presentation where a person struggles with both inattention features as well as hyperactive features of ADHD.
Inattentive type of ADHD can vary between individuals but often includes difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, challenges in organizing or completing tasks, and difficulty staying in the present moment. While inattention and distractibility are higher for individuals struggling with anxiety or depression or even those recovering from serious traumatic events, ADHD is a consistent pattern of behavior that starts in childhood and continues at school, home, work, and in personal relationships. Some individuals are able to hide their difficulty focusing or concentrating and find ways to adapt, but over time they may experience anxiety or mood changes resulting from managing the difficulties of sustained attention, engaged conversation or the expectations and demands of school and work.
Those with a Hyperactive-impulsive subtype show physical restlessness, difficulty waiting for turns, interrupting others during a conversation, or a variety of impulsive behaviors. These behaviors can make academic work, relationships and even daily activities challenging. Over time there is an emotional toll for individuals who feel misunderstood or even misjudge their own intelligence and will-power when they are unable to control their own behaviors.
Because Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder is a medical condition, it is necessary to involve a specialist to confirm a diagnosis. Finding a psychologist or pediatric psychiatrist can be a good place to start in figuring out what might be going on. A diagnosis is not just an excuse for bad behavior but can help ensure that children and adults understand their needs and learn specific ways to cope with their symptoms. While ADHD is a lifelong condition, individuals can be successful and have fulfilling lives. Correct diagnosis can help to ensure they receive additional support and opportunities to learn healthy coping.
While treatment may include medication and lifestyle changes (think diet, environment, etc.), behavioral therapy or Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is also highly beneficial. Counseling and therapy should focus on helping an individual learn their strengths, practice strategies, and coping to support their needs. It is important for children with ADHD that parents, healthcare professionals and other support systems have good communication and collaboration to support them.
Practical coping strategies might look like learning organizational techniques, time-management skills, and mindfulness practices. Additional support for anxiety or social skills may also be needed if a child’s ADHD symptoms are interfering with healthy social development. Behavioral strategies can help increase positive behaviors by creating rewards for habits and routines.
Unfortunately, the stigma and confusion around ADHD often create unsupportive and critical environments for those with ADHD. Some of the greatest help for individuals with ADHD is the empathy and understanding of those closest to them and validation of their person beyond these “behaviors” that can seem to define them. Advocating for classroom and workplace accommodations shows greater outcomes for students and for workers, evidence that supports empowerment. The more we learn about how ADHD works and listen to those who navigate life with it, the stronger our communities will be.
